KV = RPM / Voltage
Low KV: low RPM, efficiency, flight time
High KV: high RPM, aggressive
Stator diameter: larger = more torque, larger props
Stator height: larger = more power, more weight
Brushed: less efficient, DC, no ESC
Brushless: more efficient, AC, needs ESC
2 blades: efficiency, flight time
3 blades: speed, responsiveness
Diameter: larger = more thrust, better cruise efficiency
Pitch: lower = efficiency, higher = speed
Specific thrust = thrust / power [g/W]
Higher: more efficient, longer flight time
Lower: more power wasted, shorter flight time, racing, high speed
Larger prop + lower KV: higher specific thrust
Smaller prop + higher KV: lower specific thrust, faster response
BLHeli: ESC firmware
C = max current / capacity
Lower C: lower current, often lighter
Higher C: higher current, often heavier
LiPo: high power density
Li-ion: high energy density
PLA: easy, cheap, softens at 55–60°C. Print white.
PETG: easy, impact resistant, ~80°C heat resistance
ABS: hard to print, impact resistant, ~100°C heat resistance
ASA: ABS + better heat/UV resistance
